The process of rethinking Italian industrial policy requires policymakers to identify new intellectual and practical tools to design interventions that can effectively address Italy’s industrial weaknesses. This paper offers a practical framework to aid policymakers in this endeavour. This framework does not suggest which sectors governments should promote, but it helps identify the key questions policymakers must answer to design industrial policies that align with the chosen sector’s industrial needs and the government’s objectives. It also helps to select the most suitable tools to implement industrial policies.

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